Audubon Living
This Little Light of Mine
They’re brighter, cheaper in the long run, and fit most fixtures. Plus compact fluorescents can be a force in fighting global warming. So what are you waiting for?
By Christine Woodside
If you’ve visited a home improvement or discount store lately, maybe you noticed that compact fluorescent lightbulbs (CFLs) are front and center, stacked on the shelves of main aisles in a greater variety of shapes and wattages than ever before. Wal-Mart, the world’s biggest retailer, has started promoting energy-efficient lightbulbs—labeled with the catchy Energy Star slogan: “Change a Light. Change the World”—as part of an aggressive plan to sell 100 million CFLs by the end of 2007. The company’s sales of compact fluorescents have more than doubled during the past nine months.
A generation ago the idea that changing a lightbulb could affect the planet’s climate would have seemed like science fiction. Today it’s common sense. Lighting accounts for a third of U.S. electricity use, more than half of which is generated by coal—the primary source of our carbon dioxide emissions.
Powering a single incandescent bulb over its lifespan requires burning 82 pounds of coal, about 100 times the amount needed to power a compact fluorescent. Analysts from Environmental Defense estimate that if every household replaced three 60-watt incandescent bulbs with CFLs, the nation would reduce its greenhouse-gas emissions by an amount equivalent to taking 3.5 million cars off the highways.
Although CFLs have been gaining popularity since being introduced two decades ago, 95 percent of Americans still use incandescents. That old habit is rooted in the many misconceptions about these newfangled bulbs: They’re too expensive, too noisy, produce poor-quality light, flicker constantly, and won’t fit all types of fixtures. But those notions are practically as antiquated as the bulb patented by Thomas Edison more than 120 years ago. Sure, you can still buy compact fluorescents that give off a bluish glow, but today it’s easy to find CFLs that come in a variety of shapes and emit warmer white light.
No doubt you’re also likely to come across a CFL that takes a few seconds to turn bright. “I want to caution about glossing over the differences between [CFLs] and incandescents; it’s different technology,” says Jennifer Thorne Amann, a senior researcher at the American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy in Washington and coauthor of the council’s “Consumer Guide to Home Energy Savings.” “But if you think about the energy savings—and the benefits to the planet—I think five seconds to let your lamp warm up is a minor inconvenience.”
While doing your part at home, take heart: You’re not alone. The ban-the-bulb movement is going global. In February Australia announced that it would phase out the sale of incandescents by 2010. In April Canada announced that it would do the same within the following two years. The U.S. House of Representatives approved legislation in August that would require lightbulb manufacturers to triple the energy efficiency of today’s incandescent bulbs by 2020. The 27-country European Union has begun pushing CFLs as part of its pledge to slash its carbon emissions by 20 percent before 2020. If every nation followed suit, the impact would be staggering. More than 270 coal-fired plants, each producing 500 megawatts, could be shut down, according to a report coauthored by Lester Brown, president of the Earth Policy Institute.
Switching lightbulbs saves money; what’s more it enables people to make a mark on the world through individual action. “This is an important step in stabilizing climate, and it’s one that can be done quickly and easily,” says Brown. “If we get our act together on this, it could become the first major victory for climate stabilization. It’s lowering the trajectory on carbon emissions, and buying us a little more time to develop wind farms and other renewable sources of energy. That gives us a stake in climate change, not just as an observer but as a participant.”
Brown is so bullish that he recommends tossing your old wasteful bulbs, even if there’s life left in them. “The savings are so great that it makes sense to do it right away,” he says. If you can’t bear the thought of being wasteful, get creative. Websites abound with ideas for craft projects that transform your old lightbulbs into all sorts of useful objects, from Santa Claus Christmas ornaments to window vases. (See our web exclusive, "Season's Greenings," for more on incandscent bulbs used in craft projects.)
In the United States a coalition of environmental groups partnered last spring with Phillips Lighting to launch a campaign that aims to plug energy-saving bulbs into all of the country’s estimated 4 billion sockets by 2016. Lloyd Levine, a California state assemblyman, has proposed the How Many Legislators Does It Take to Change a Light Bulb Act. If passed, the bill would ban the sale of incandescent bulbs in the state by 2012. Or at least it would if bulb manufacturers haven’t developed an incandescent bulb by then that can save as much energy as a CFL, which remains the best energy-saving option available right now.
Replacing your home’s bulbs isn’t a substitute for the heavy lifting Washington must do, but the cumulative effect of everyone switching to CFLs would be a big first step toward combating global warming. So after dinner tonight, beneath your chandelier filled with candelabra CFLs, sit back and consider the benefits from your lamp lit by, you guessed it, a bulb that can help save the planet.
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Make the Switch
Five reasons to give them another chance
1. The Energy Misers
We are used to thinking of watts as the amount of light output from an incandescent bulb when actually they’re a measure of energy production, not the light we see. Using the technology of ultraviolet lights, CFLs produce the same amount of light as a 75-watt bulb but use only 20 watts of energy. The Worldwatch Institute estimates that if every household in America replaced its most-often-used incandescent bulbs with CFLs, the country’s electricity use for lighting would fall by half. If every household replaced just one bulb, the energy savings could light more than 3 million households for a year.
2. Blow Less Smoke
As already noted, compact fluorescent bulbs keep huge amounts of greenhouse-gas emissions out of the atmosphere. Need more proof? Despite having less than 5 percent of the world’s population, the United States is responsible for almost a quarter of global carbon emissions from energy use—more than any other country. Emissions rose by more than 16 percent between 1990 and 2005, according to a new report by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, which pins most of the blame on rising electricity demands.
3. Cool It
CFLs produce 90 to 95 percent less heat than incandescent bulbs, giving air conditioners a small reprieve and reducing the risk of fires. The difference is in the way the bulbs are designed. An incandescent bulb heats a metal filament, and much of its energy isn’t visible light—the light is simply a by-product. But a CFL uses only the electricity needed to heat an electrode (in this case, a tungsten cathode) at the bottom of the bulb, setting off a chain of molecular activity that generates invisible ultraviolet light. The bulb’s fluorescent coating inside the tube creates visible light by absorbing the UV rays.
4. Money in the Bank
A CFL can save you anywhere from $50 to $135 in electricity bills over its lifetime, depending on the type and wattage. If you replace 40 bulbs, that’s as much as $5,400. Recently the potential savings have grown even greater, because the average price of a CFL has dropped from $11 per bulb a few years ago to $5. You can find them almost anywhere: supermarkets, Wal-Mart, Target, Home Depot, Lowe’s, and many other stores. They go for as little as $2 online if bought in bulk. Read the labels to match the bulbs to your fixtures. Those marked with the federal government’s Energy Star logo will be of higher quality. The Energy Star program gives a list of criteria, from brightness to how long the bulb takes to fully light. All of the well-known brands make the cut; newer brands might not.
5. The Eternal Flame
The average CFL lasts about 10 times as long as an incandescent, which can mean four to nine years, depending on how much you use them. So you won’t be running to replace bulbs every few months. Screw in a CFL when your child enters high school and it might still burn bright when she graduates from college.
No More Excuses
Five myths you should ignore
1: Too Noisy
Technological advances during the past decade have helped create CFLs that are quiet, unlike the earlier versions, which may have once made your office buzz. The difference comes down to a change in technology of the ballasts, which control the current in a fluorescent bulb’s circuit. The magnetic ballasts that ran most fluorescent lights in the past made power through an electromagnetic transformer. They cycled slowly, made noise, and produced a noticeable flicker. Today’s electronic ballasts use semiconductor circuitry to make power, rendering them practically silent.
2: Off Color
One of the most common complaints about CFLs is their cool color. But the newer versions are better. In fact, you have probably spent the night in a hotel lighted with CFLs and not even noticed. Bulbs now come in different “color temperatures.” The most appealing CFL seems to be “soft white” or “warm white,” rated 2,700 to 3,000 degrees Kelvin, which closely mimics an incandescent’s look and feel. A higher Kelvin temperature produces a cooler, or more “natural,” color, which can be softened behind warm-colored lamp shades.
3: Pick Your Poison
Yes, it’s true: Compact fluorescent bulbs contain some mercury, a persistent element that varies in its level of toxicity, depending on exposure, and can, in large amounts, have severe effects on both humans and wildlife. But CFLs also sharply reduce coal-fired power plant emissions created by powering incandescent bulbs, preventing much greater quantities of mercury from being pumped into the atmosphere from smokestacks. The amount of mercury in a compact fluorescent bulb is about 3 milligrams, roughly the size of a ballpoint pen tip, while a power plant will emit 10 milligrams of mercury to produce enough electricity to run an incandescent bulb. “The mercury spewed from the power plant can’t be captured,” says Jennifer Thorne Amann of the American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy. “The mercury in the compact fluorescent is captured; it’s enclosed [in the bulb].”
Soon the amount of mercury in CFLs could be even lower. Wal-Mart announced in May that it is working with four major lightbulb manufacturers—GE, Royal Philips, Osram Sylvania, and Lights of America—to reduce the amount of mercury in CFLs by a third. Still, it’s important to discard CFLs locally as hazardous waste. The mercury in CFLs can also be recycled. For regulations and facilities in your state, visit Lamprecycle.org.
4: Frustrating Flicker
In the old days CFLs took a while to warm up because of their magnetic ballasts (see Myth No. 1), which also caused their annoying buzz. While most new bulbs provide even light, there are a few exceptions. A delayed reaction can occur with some specialty globe bulbs used for bathroom fixtures, as well as outdoor bulbs in climates where winter temperatures dip below 32 degrees Fahrenheit. But weighed against a CFL’s huge benefits, that small amount of time is negligible.
5: Out of Shape
It used to be impossible to buy CFLs for a wide variety of lighting fixtures and different wattages. Now you can find them in almost every type and shape—frosted candelabras, small bulbs, large bulbs, globe lights, and recessed-can fixtures that won’t overheat. For any fixture that requires the bulb to hang upside down, make sure you buy a CFL that is approved to work in that position. You can even purchase yellow bulbs for your porch that won’t attract bugs. CFLs come in dimmable styles, and some work with standard timers (check with the manufacturer). If you can’t find the type of bulb you seek in stores, try bulbs.com or 1000bulbs.com. |
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